Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) trisodium

Ganglioside GT1b bovine trisodium is a trisialoganglioside that binds to botulinum toxin type A (BTxA), BTxA heavy chain, and tetanus toxin with IC50 values of 11, 0.74, and 7.2 μM, respectively. It acts as a TLR2 agonist in spinal cord microglia, leading to microglial activation, increased expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and heightened pain sensitivity. Additionally, Ganglioside GT1b bovine trisodium reduces the production of IL-6, IL-10, IgG, IgM, and IgA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In neuronal cell models, it elevates extracellular glutamate levels. Ganglioside GT1b bovine trisodium is used in the research of immune and neurological disorders.